Sleeve gastrectomy is a weight loss procedure in which a large part of the stomach known as the greater curve is surgically removed to restrict food intake. The new stomach is created through a surgical stapling technique and is the approximate size and shape of a banana. This procedure is simpler than most other bariatric surgeries but provides comparable results.
Most sleeve gastrectomy procedures are performed through laparoscopy, offering a safer and less invasive alternative to traditional weight loss procedures. Along with removing more than 85 percent of the stomach, sleeve gastrectomy also removes the fundus, which secretes the hormone that causes feelings of hunger. This combines a smaller stomach capacity with reduced hunger sensations.
Unlike other bariatric procedures, sleeve gastrectomy does not require moving or rerouting the intestines or the implantation of any artificial devices. Weight loss usually occurs as quickly as gastric bypass, but the overall loss may not be as high.
This procedure may be performed as the first part of a two-stage operation for extremely obese or high risk patients. The sleeve operation can help patients lose initial weight before a gastric bypass or duodenal switch procedure is performed 8 to 12 months later. These more complex procedures can be dangerous to perform on high BMI patients. A sleeve gastrectomy offers a safer first procedure for these patients. Sleeve gastrectomy can also be performed alone and is often recommended for lighter patients who may have a BMI around 30.
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved with undergoing a sleeve gastrectomy. The stapling can cause leaking or bleeding within the stomach and the pouch that is formed may become blocked because it is quite narrow. Because this is a relatively new procedure, studies about long-term results are not yet available.
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